Catalytic converters are an essential part of every vehicle’s exhaust system. They help in various ways, such as converting toxic and harmful gases into less harmful ones. But, as every good thing comes with some cons, so do the catalytic converters. They can have issues with time.
In this blog, we will help you understand the problems with these converters and guide you through the process of fixing them. Understanding these issues and solving them immediately can save you a lot of money. Let’s deep dive into this blog for more useful insights!
What is a Catalytic Converter?
As described earlier, this converter is an emissions control device that every vehicle’s exhaust system must have. It contains metals like palladium, platinum, and rhodium, which act as catalysts. It converts harmful gases like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons into less toxic gases like water vapor and carbon dioxide.
Common Problems With Catalytic Converters
The converters encounter several common time-related issues. Here, we discuss some of these problems and how to resolve them.
1. Overheating
If the converter is exposed to direct heat or it is excessively overheated, it can be damaged. Also, its internal components might be affected. All this will lead to its complete breakdown. Due to overheating, it won’t convert the harmful gases into less harmful ones and will restrict exhaust flow.
Causes
• Too much fuel mixture
Faulty oxygen sensors
• Engine misfires
Symptoms
Poor acceleration
• Glowing red catalytic converter
Unusual noises from the exhaust
How to Fix It
Replace the damaged sensors with the new ones to ensure accurate fuel mixture readings.
• Check for the worn-out spark plugs that can cause the misfires. Check for vacuum leaks and repair them.
2. Contamination
Oil and leaks from the vehicle can coat the catalyst material of the exhaust system. This reduces the effectiveness of the converter, leading to increased emissions and engine performance issues. Regular maintenance can identify and prevent these leaks, ensuring great performance.
Causes
• Valve seal failure
• Head gasket leaks
Damaged piston rings
Symptoms
• Strong smell from the exhaust
Blue or white smoke from the exhaust
Check if the engine light is on
How to Fix It
Repair the oil or any other leaks.
In case of excessive damage, it is important to replace it.
Regular maintenance and service is essential.
3. Blockage
Another problem with these converters is blockage or clogging. With every use, many residues like carbon deposits and unburned fuel build up in the exhaust system. This makes the airflow restrictive, leading to decreased engine performance and fuel efficiency. Regular maintenance is important for optimal vehicle function.
Causes
• Rich fuel mixture
Coolant leaks
• Ignoring maintenance
Symptoms
Reduced engine performance
Poor fuel economy
A weird smell from the exhaust
How to Fix It
• Clean the exhaust system with a good-quality cleaner.
• The vehicle’s engine and fuel system should be well-maintained.
• Replace the converter if it’s too much blocked.
4. Exhaust Restriction
When the exhaust system is restricted it leads to exhaust restriction. It limits the flow of gases which affects the vehicle’s performance. This can decrease the power output and reduce fuel efficiency. Also, these restrictions may cause damage to engine components, leading to costly repairs.
Causes
• Collapsed exhaust pipes
Blocked resonator
Internal breakdown of the catalytic converter
Symptoms
Reduced engine power
• Whistling noises coming from the exhaust
• High engine temperature
How to Fix It
Clean the blocked resonator.
Replace the broken converter.
Replace the damaged exhaust pipes to restore proper exhaust flow.
5. Physical Damage
These converters are prone to physical damage as they are located under the vehicle. This damage might be from road debris, accidents, or speed bumps. Timely inspections can help identify any issues prior and ensure safe and efficient vehicle operation. Regular maintenance can also extend the life of the converter.
Causes
Road debris
Speed bumps
Off-road driving
Symptoms
A noise from the exhaust
Cracks or dents on the converter
Reduced performance
How to Fix It
• Install a shield to protect the converter from future impacts. Replace the converter if it is damaged.
Drive carefully over rough terrain.
6. Issue in Check Engine Light (CEL)
If the Check Engine Light turns on and trouble codes like PO420 or P0430 are shown, it means you have an issue with the exhaust system or the converter. Promptly addressing these codes can help prevent further damage to your vehicle. It’s advisable to consult with a qualified mechanic to
handle the issue.
Causes
Aging catalytic converter Exhaust leaks
Damaged oxygen sensors
Symptoms
Illuminated Check Engine Light (CEL)
Poor engine performance
Poor fuel economy
How to Fix It
Check for and repair exhaust leaks.
Clear the trouble codes.
Replace damaged oxygen sensors.
How to Prevent Catalytic Converter Problems
As we read earlier, these converters may fail due to various reasons, but maintaining them properly can help you avoid troublesome situations. Here are some tips for preventing these issues.
1. Use the Right Fuel
Avoid using low-quality or cheap fuel for your vehicle. Such fuel has a lot of impurities and can cause damage to the exhaust system. Use good-quality fuel with the right octane rating. This will help your vehicle to have minimum carbon deposits and will protect the converter from being damaged.
2. Maintenance of the Engine
A well-maintained and flawlessly working engine burns and uses the fuel efficiently and minimizes carbon deposits. Proper oil changing, spark plug replacement, and a clean fuel system are useful for the better working of the converter. Also, use good engine oil for the long functioning of the engine.
3. Take Longer Trips
Avoid going on short trips as this way the converter doesn’t get a chance to work to its full capacity and at its ideal temperature. This results in the deposition of carbon. Take longer drives so that the engine warms up completely for optimal performance. Additionally, regular maintenance can enhance engine efficiency and longevity.
4. Fix the Issue Without Delay
If your vehicle is showing signs like oil leaks, misfiring, or poor performance, repair the issues as soon as you diagnose them. This will help the converter to work longer. Also, regularly check the exhaust system for any leaks or any other issues. Keeping up with routine maintenance can prevent many of the problems.
Conclusion
Catalytic converters are important in minimizing vehicle emissions, but they can be damaged with time. Proper maintenance, timely repairs, and quality fuel can expand their lifespan. If your converter is irreparably damaged, replacement is the best solution to keep your car running smoothly and environmentally friendly. We hope now you know what to do if you have any issues with your converter!
