Arizona’s gun laws are among the most permissive in the nation, but when it comes to discharging firearms, there are strict rules about where and when you can shoot. Whether you’re target practicing, hunting, or defending yourself, understanding these laws is crucial to avoid felony charges. Here’s what every gun owner needs to know.
When Is Discharging a Firearm Illegal in Arizona?
Generally, it is illegal to discharge a firearm within city limits (ARS 13-3107). However, there are key exceptions where shooting is permitted:
Legal Exceptions for Discharging a Firearm
- On a Supervised Shooting Range
- Public or private ranges with proper oversight are always legal.
- Approved Hunting Areas
- Areas designated by the Arizona Game & Fish Department (and approved by local police) allow hunting-related shooting.
- These zones can be closed if deemed unsafe.
- Nuisance Wildlife Control
- With a permit from AZGFD or U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, you can shoot to manage pests like coyotes or feral hogs.
- Special Police Permit
- Some municipalities may issue temporary permits for shooting events or training.
- Animal Control Officers
- Licensed officers may euthanize animals in the line of duty.
- Blank Cartridges
- Firing blanks is technically legal, but you could still face disturbing the peace charges (ARS 13-2904).
- Outside City Limits (¼ Mile Rule)
- Discharging a firearm is legal if you’re more than ¼ mile from any occupied structure (homes, businesses, etc.).
- Self-Defense Against Animals or People
- You may shoot in self-defense or defense of others if:
- A reasonable person would believe deadly force is necessary.
- The threat is imminent (e.g., aggressive animal attack or violent criminal assault).
- You may shoot in self-defense or defense of others if:
Shannon’s Law: Felony Charges for Illegal Discharge
- Unlawful discharge within city limits is a Class 6 felony.
- Punishable by up to 2 years in prison (1 year presumptive sentence).
- Applies even if no one is hurt—simply firing a gun recklessly in town can lead to felony charges.
Where Are Firearms Completely Prohibited in Arizona?
Even with Arizona’s lenient gun laws, some places ban firearms entirely, with violations potentially leading to felony or misdemeanor charges:
1. Schools (K-12 Grounds)
- Exceptions:
- Firearms used in hunter safety courses (with school approval).
- Unloaded & locked in a vehicle (not visible from outside).
- Law enforcement/military on duty.
2. Polling Places (On Election Day)
- Only law enforcement, military, and authorized personnel can carry.
3. Airports (Secure Areas Only)
- General aviation areas are okay.
- TSA-secured zones ban firearms unless you’re law enforcement.
4. Bars & Restaurants Serving Alcohol
- Concealed carry permit holders can carry if they don’t drink.
- No permit? No carrying (unless it’s a liquor store with no on-site consumption).
5. Jails, Prisons & Nuclear Plants
- Felony offense to carry here (except for authorized personnel).
6. Private Property with Posted “No Guns” Signs
- Ignoring these signs could lead to misdemeanor trespassing charges.
- Exception: Firearms locked in your vehicle are still legal.
7. Public Universities & Colleges
- Some campuses ban firearms, but enforcement varies.
Key Takeaways for Arizona Gun Owners
✅ You can discharge a firearm:
- At ranges, approved hunting areas, or outside city limits (¼ mile rule).
- In self-defense situations (against animals or violent attackers).
❌ Never discharge a firearm:
- Within city limits (unless at a range or under permitted exceptions).
- Near homes or businesses (within ¼ mile).
⚠️ Avoid prohibited zones (schools, airports, bars, jails) or risk felony charges.
🔫 Even in permissive Arizona, reckless gun use can lead to prison time. Always know the law before you shoot.
